Accurate Machine Learning Algorithm for Monkey Pox Based on Covid-19

The Covid-19 virus is still marching all over the world. Many people are getting infected and a few are fatal to death. This research paper expressed that supervised learning has revealed supreme results than unsupervised learning in machine learning. Within supervised learning, random forest regression outplays all other algorithms like logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), etc. Now monkeypox is escalating in other countries at present. This virus is allied to human orthopox viruses. It can expand from one to one through contact person having rash or body fluids etc. The symptoms of monkeypox are much similar to covid19 virus-like fever, cold, fatigue, and body pains. Herewith we concluded that random forest regression shows possible foremost (97.15%) accuracy. © 2023 IEEE.

WORKING PRINCIPLE AND INTELLIGENCE OF SMART INFUSION PUMP

There is a tremendous demand on the critical care resources due to the extensive spread of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic and the large number of patients requiring critical care. The efficacy of a device directly influences how long a patient lives since patients are often receiving critical care. Smart infusion pump is a medical device that can drip fluids into the patient's body. This device is considered as one of the most safety-critical medical devices due to the way it functions and the risks it presents. The main objective of this work is to develop an affordable infusion pump usin g embedded technology. The main tactic is to develop equipment that can identify air bubbles in infusion pump tubing since even a little one might obstruct blood flow and result in mortality. This method may provide consumers an accurate result, making it the greatest method for identifying bubbles and saving lives.

CHARACTERIZING MOVEMENT PATTERNS OF NOMADIC PASTORALISTS AND THEIR EXPOSURE TO RIFT VALLEY FEVER IN KENYA

The role of animal movement in spreading infectious diseases is highly recognized by various legislations and institutions such as the World Organisation for Animal Health and the International Animal Health Code. The increased interactions at the nexus of human-animal-ecosystem interface have seen an unprecedented introduction and reintroduction of new zoonotic diseases with high socio-economic impacts such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease that affects both humans and animals and is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes or through contact with the body fluids of infected animals. This study seeks to characterize movement patterns of pastoralist and how this movement behaviour increases their susceptibility to RVF virus exposure. We levarage on a rapidly growing field of movement ecology to monitor five herds collared from 2013 – 2015 in an RVF endemic semi-arid region in Kenya. The herds were also sampled for RVF antibodies to assess their exposure to RVF virus during the rainy seasons. adehabitatLT package in R was used to analyze the trajectory data whereas the first passage time (FPT) analysis was used to measure the area utilized in grazing. Sedentary herds grazed within 15km radius while migrating herds presented restricted space use patterns during the dry seasons and transient movement during the start and end of the rainy season. Furthermore, RVF virus antibodies were generally low for sedentary herds whereas the migrating herds recorded high levels during their transition periods. This study can be used to identify RVF risk zones for timely and targeted management strategies.

Role of endocrine PACAP in age-related diseases.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a conserved neuropeptide, which confers diverse anti-aging endocrine and paracrine/autocrine effects, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action. The results of the in vivo and in vitro experiments show that increasing emphasis is being placed on the diagnostic/prognostic biomarker potential of this neuropeptide in a wide array of age-related diseases. After the initial findings regarding the presence and alteration of PACAP in different body fluids in physiological processes, an increasing number of studies have focused on the changes of its levels in various pathological conditions associated with advanced aging. Until 2016 - when the results of previous human studies were reviewed - a vast majority of the studies had dealt with age-related neurological diseases, like cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, multiple sclerosis, as well as some other common diseases in elderly such as migraine, traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic hepatitis and nephrotic syndrome. The aim of this review is to summarize the old and the new results and highlight those 'classical' and emerging clinical fields in which PACAP may become subject to further investigation as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker in age-related diseases.

The Effect of the SARS-CoV-19 Virus on Sperm Parameters of Patients with Male Infertility

Background: Although Coronavirus Disease 2019 mainly affects the pulmonary system, the related studies on male reproductive health are limited. We aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 disease in spermiogram parameters of patients with male infertility. Material and Methods: 39 outpatients with male infertility diagnosed with COVID-19 disease between 1st March 2020 and 31st March 2022 in our andrology policlinic were analysed, retropspectively. We evaluated the demographic data of the patients and the spermiogram analyzes before and after the COVID-19 disease. Results: The mean age of the patients were 33,44±7,52 years and body mass index (BMI) was 27,05±3,38 kg/m2. The mean time between PCR test and second semen analysis was 3,95±3,59 months. There were statistically significant reduction in semen volüme (p<0,03) and significant deterioration in sperm morphology (p<0,014), but no detect alteration on sperm motility. Conclusion: We observed adversly effects of SARS-CoV-2 virus on spermiogram parameters in patients with male infertility. Deterioration of spermiogram after COVID-19 disease may results with male infertility. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Amaç: Koronavirus hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) esas olarak pulmoner sistemi etkilemesine rağmen, erkek üreme sağlığı üzerine çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bizim kliniğimize erkek infertilitesi ile başvuran hastalarda COVID-19 hastalığının (virusunun) sperm parametrelerine etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bizim androloji kliniğimize 1 Mart 2020 ve 31 Mart 2022 tarihleri arasında başvuran ve daha öncesinde COVID-19 hastalığı tanısı almış 39 erkek infertilite hastası retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. Hastaların demografik verileri, COVID-19 hastalığı öncesi ve sonrası spermiogramları değerlendirildi. Bu verileri kaydettik ve istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırdık. Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama yaşı 33,44±7,52 yıl ve vücut kitle indeksi (BMI) 27,05±3,38 kg/m2 olarak saptandı. PCR testi ile ikinci semen analizi arasındaki ortalama süre 3,95±3,59 ay olarak ölçüldü. Semen morfolojinde(p< 0,014) önemli bozulma ve semen volümünde (p<0,03) önemli azalma istatiksel olarak gözlememize rağmen sperm motilitesi açısından anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı. Sonuç: Erkek infertilite hastalarında spermiogram parametreleri üzerine SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün olumsuz etkisi olduğunu gözlemledik. COVID- 19 hastalığından sonra spermiogramdaki bozulma erkek infertilitesi ile sonuçlanabilir. (Turkish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Current Medical & Biological Sciences is the property of International Journal of Current Medical & Biological Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Mass transfer effects on mucus fluid in the presence of chemical reaction

The mucus fluid vehicle is impacted by the synthetic response that changes the physical science of liquid due to the thickness of the bodily fluid. Additionally, various issues in the respiratory system might happen because of bodily fluid adequacy. A central point of transportation of immunizations to forestall COVID-19 is the concentration level expected during movement, stockpiling, and dispersion. The current review stated that mucus fluid transportation is restrained through magnetic force originating due to heat variation. Permeable channel over respiratory disease and chemicals due to mass reaction–diffusion variation. The bodily fluid development is surveyed by the force, energy, and diffusion condition influence of body powers because of attractive field, source of heat cause of thermal conduction, resistance due to disease chemical reaction cause of concentration profile. The nonlinear arrangement of incomplete differential conditions is addressed by the Laplace transform technique, and MATLAB programming outcomes are initiated for momentum, temperature, and diffusion fields and inferred that the bodily fluid stream decelerates due to magnetic force. The skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and the microorganism's thickness are assessed and explained exhaustively. Furthermore, microorganisms are occupied in different elements to survey the mucus fluid mechanism. © 2022

Hazmat Cooling Vest Temperature Using Heat Pipe and Thermoelectric

Corona Virus (COVID-19) is a virus that is endemic almost all over the world, including Indonesia. COVID-19 was first confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019, in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, and then rapidly expanded outside of China. To suppress the Covid-19 case, medical volunteers are needed as the main actors in efforts to handle Covid-19 patients. This makes health care facilities also need to focus on the principles of health worker safety, not only focus on the principles of patient safety. This also makes health care facilities also need to focus on the principles of health worker safety, not only focus on the principles of patient safety. The use of hazmat clothes is one of the efforts to protect health workers when in contact with Covid-19 patients. Hazmat clothes are technically referred to as "encapsulated waterproof protective clothing” which is PPE that must be used for officers from the risk of contracting the Covid-19 virus through airborne droplets and contact with patients and patient body fluids. Although hazmat clothing is an important PPE for health workers to stay protected, the use of hazmat clothing for a long time often makes medical personnel feel uncomfortable when providing services. Based on the problems above, the researchers conducted a study on the heat pipe - thermoelectric hazmat suit cooling vest. This technology can absorb more heat than other methods by simply applying the principle of capillarity to the wicks on the pipe walls. schematic of testing a cooling vest on a hazmat suit. The loading on the thermoelectric is given through the DC - Power supply. The temperature data read by the sensor will be detected by the computer system using the NI 9123 and C-DAQ 9174 modules. The test results can be viewed using the NI LabView 2017 software. The temperature used in this experiment is the result of tests carried out for 30 min. Based on the tests that have been carried out, the heat pipe-based thermoelectric hazmat suit cooling vest has been able to reach the lowest thermoelectric temperature of 24,42 ∘C, which is distributed through heat pipes to body parts. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Understanding Oligonucleotide Hybridization and the Role of Anchoring on the Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Corona Phase for Viral Sensing Applications

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with tailored corona phases (CPs), or surface-adsorbed molecules, have emerged as a promising interface for sensing applications. The adsorption of an analyte can be specifically transduced as a modulation of their band-gap near-infrared (nIR) photoluminescence (PL). One such CP ideal for this purpose is single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), where subsequent sequence-dependent hybridization can result in PL emission wavelength shifts. Due to ssDNA adsorption to the SWCNT surface, the resultant noncanonical hybridization and its effect on SWCNT photophysical properties are not well understood. In this work, we study 20- and 21-mer DNA and RNA hybridization on the complementary ssDNA-SWCNT CP in the context of nucleic acid sensing for SARS-CoV-2 sequences as model analytes. We found that the van't Hoff transition enthalpy of hybridization on SWCNT CP was −11.9 kJ mol-1, much lower than that of hybridization in solution (−707 kJ mol-1). We used SWCNT solvatochromism to calculate the solvent-exposed surface area to indicate successful hybridization. We found that having a 30-mer anchor region in addition to the complementary region significantly improved PL response sensitivity and selectivity, with a (GT)15 anchor preferred for RNA targets. Coincubation of ssDNA-SWCNTs with an analyte at 37 °C resulted in faster hybridization kinetics without sacrificing specificity. Other methods aimed to improve CP rearrangement kinetics such as bath sonication and surfactant additions were ineffective. We also determined that the target sequence choice is important as secondary structure formation in the target is negatively correlated with hybridization. Best-performing CPs showed detection limits of 11 and 13 nM for DNA and RNA targets, respectively. Finally, we simulated sensing conditions using the saliva environment, showing sensor compatibility in biofluids. In total, this work elucidates key design features and processing to enable sequence-specific hybridization on ssDNA-SWCNT CPs. © 2022 American Chemical Society.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Human Breast Milk.

Certain viral pathogens can be shed into the human breast milk and cause infections in the infant upon breastfeeding. Thus, it is important to clarify whether viral RNA as well as infectious virus can be found in breast milk. The complexity of this body fluid poses several challenges for viral RNA isolation and detection of infectious virus. We here provide a protocol that allowed the identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in breast milk and the isolation of infectious virus after the virus has been artificially spiked into milk samples.

Comparison of the performance properties of spunlaid non-woven fabrics used as face mask

Face masks have an effect of preventing the spread of infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). With these masks, it is primarily aimed to prevent the environment from being contaminated by the user. However, in the COVID-19 outbreak, many countries made it mandatory to use masks in areas with high human circulation such as marketplaces, shopping malls and hospitals, and then in all areas outside the home. Some tests such as filtration efficiency, microbial load, resistance to body fluids, flammability and breathability are performed to determine the protection potential and wearing comfort of face masks. In this study, we investigated the bacterial filtration efficiency (%), microbial load (cfu/g), breathability (Pa/cm2) and air permeability values of five different face masks obtained by combining polypropylene (PP) nonwoven layers in different weights (accordance with EN 14683:2019 + AC:2019, EN ISO 11737-1:2018 and TS 391 EN ISO 9237 Standards). The surface morphologies of the nonwoven fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was observed that the weight change in spunbond masks (1–4) was directly proportional to bacterial filtration efficiency and differential pressure, and inversely proportional to air permeability. In addition, SEM analysis showed that the average fiber diameter of the meltblown layer was at least 5.80 times smaller than the spunbond layers, and as a result, dramatic differences were also observed in the air permeability and differential pressure values of the Spunbond-Meltblown-Spunbond (SMS) mask (5) compared to spunbond masks.

Design, Development, and Manufacturing of Cost-Effective Face Shields for COVID-19

COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory disease and is declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 has disrupted global supply chains including those of medical products and created severe shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). To ease the situation, many universities, industries, maker communities, and hobbyists have come forward and shared their designs in the public domain, to enable manufacturing of PPE such as face shields with readily available materials in partnership with local industries. Face shield protects the facial region including the mucous membranes (eyes, nose, and mouth) from splashes of body fluids that could contain harmful pathogens, in this case the novel coronavirus. The design and manufacturing of two novel reusable, low-cost, lightweight, comfortable, and easy to wear face shields are presented in the current article. The headband in one face shield (referred as FS1) is realized via additive manufacturing (popularly known as 3D printing) and the other (denoted by FS2), using conventional milling operation. The novelty in FS1 is its headband, which is designed to cover the ears too while in FS2, the headband is made of 3-ply corrugated cardboard that is biodegradable and recyclable. A 175 microns thick, high transparency, scratch-resistant, and anti-fog sheet are used as the shield material. Mass-producing face shields at low costs (INR 20 or USD 0.27) with the selected manufacturing methods are proposed. Both products received very good feedback from frontline workers. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Safe Handling of Oral Chemotherapy on Medical-Surgical Units

Program As part of the plan stage of the PDSA model (Institute for Healthcare Improvement [IHI], n.d.), a unit-based nurse specialist and a clinical nurse specialist (CNS) assessed staff comfort with oral chemotherapy, identification, and safe handing processes by implementing a tip sheet and precaution signage on the project units. Because of inexperience with oral chemotherapy, staff indicated quarterly oral chemotherapy safety tips would be helpful. All efforts were made to conserve PPE, and priority shifted at the project site to developing crisis capacity guidelines by the organization at large. [...]project limitations were in part due to time constraints. [...]staff answers were

Hazmat Cooling Vest Temperature Using Heat Pipe and Thermoelectric

Corona Virus (COVID-19) is a virus that is endemic almost all over the world, including Indonesia. COVID-19 was first confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019, in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, and then rapidly expanded outside of China. To suppress the Covid-19 case, medical volunteers are needed as the main actors in efforts to handle Covid-19 patients. This makes health care facilities also need to focus on the principles of health worker safety, not only focus on the principles of patient safety. This also makes health care facilities also need to focus on the principles of health worker safety, not only focus on the principles of patient safety. The use of hazmat clothes is one of the efforts to protect health workers when in contact with Covid-19 patients. Hazmat clothes are technically referred to as “encapsulated waterproof protective clothing” which is PPE that must be used for officers from the risk of contracting the Covid-19 virus through airborne droplets and contact with patients and patient body fluids. Although hazmat clothing is an important PPE for health workers to stay protected, the use of hazmat clothing for a long time often makes medical personnel feel uncomfortable when providing services. Based on the problems above, the researchers conducted a study on the heat pipe - thermoelectric hazmat suit cooling vest. This technology can absorb more heat than other methods by simply applying the principle of capillarity to the wicks on the pipe walls. schematic of testing a cooling vest on a hazmat suit. The loading on the thermoelectric is given through the DC - Power supply. The temperature data read by the sensor will be detected by the computer system using the NI 9123 and C-DAQ 9174 modules. The test results can be viewed using the NI LabView 2017 software. The temperature used in this experiment is the result of tests carried out for 30 min. Based on the tests that have been carried out, the heat pipe-based thermoelectric hazmat suit cooling vest has been able to reach the lowest thermoelectric temperature of 24,42 ∘C, which is distributed through heat pipes to body parts. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

SARS-CoV-2- in tears/armpit and stool samples

Our study was to determine the infectiousness of Covid-19 infection from tear, sweat and armpit samples in infected people. Stool swabs, tears and sweat swabs were taken from 24 of the patients diagnosed with Covid-19, of different ages and genders.

Smartphone-Based Point-of- Care Testing

The outbreak of the COVID-19 has increased the demand for point-of-care testing ( POCT), and as the most indispensable tools for human beings at present, smartphones have great application potential in POCT. Smartphone-based POCT has the following unique advantages: ( 1) easy to operate and without the need for professional training;( 2) shorter wait times and quicker test results;( 3) low fabrication cost and convenient to use in limited-resource areas. Therefore, smartphone-based POCT is rapidly emerging as a potential alternative to traditional laboratory testing. Herein, we perform a comprehensive review of recent progress and applications of smartphone-based sensors in POCT for the past three years, which uses the tested objects ( body fluids, volatile organic compounds, vital signs) by POCT as the basis for classification, and combines with the current mainstream sensing strategies, including colorimetric, fluorescent, electrochemical technology, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, ultrasonic and photoelectric sensor, etc. We evaluate the performance and development potential of these sensors, in addition, the emerging technologies used in POCT are introduced, such as nanotechnology, flexible electronic devices, microfluidic technology, biodegradable technology, self- powered technology, multichannel detection and so on. Finally, current problems are summarized and the future development of the smartphone-based POCT is discussed.

Interrogating the Effect of Assay Media on the Rate of Virus Inactivation of High-Touch Copper Surfaces: A Materials Science Approach

Contamination of high-touch surfaces with infected droplets of bodily secretions is a known route of virus transmission. Copper surfaces have been reported to inactivate human coronaviruses after several minutes, via the release of Cu cations. Utilization of copper alloys for high-touch surfaces can be a pivotal preemptive strategy for preventing the next pandemic. Understanding the true efficacy by which copper, and copper alloys, inactivate the virus under realistic conditions is essential for tuning intrinsic alloy features such as composition, grain orientation, and surface attributes, to optimize for antiviral function. However, virus inactivation measurements depend on the presence of an assay media (AM) solution as a carrier for the virus, and its effects on the surface properties of pure copper that regulate oxidative copper release are previously unknown. Herein, these properties and the influence of AM on the efficacy of virus inactivation occurring on the surface of pure copper are investigated. The process is uncovered by which a five-fold decrease in virus half-life is observed in simulated real-life conditions, relative to exposure to traditional AM. The investigation highlights the notion that virus inactivation on copper surfaces may be significantly more effective than previously thought. © 2022 The Authors. Advanced Materials Interfaces published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Analytical methods for Ebola virus detection

Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreaks have been reported to be the most severe mortally recurrent illness due to a lack of timely diagnosis and medication. EBOV disease is a severe syndrome of hemorrhagic viral fever caused by the EBOV, is spread directly in contact with infected body fluids and virus-contaminated or animal-affected objects. Individuals typically die before antibody response at the point of fatal EBOV infection. Currently, prognosis includes a combination of case identification and lab tests, typically real-time PCR or reverse transcription to diagnose viral RNA or rapid immunoassay-based detection methods to identify EBOV antigens. Moreover, few nanotech-based ways have lately been identified to diagnose the Ebola virus. Optical monitoring, in particular, permits fluorescence molecules to be recognized with the naked eye or fluorometers. Also, electrochemical identification methods (either amperometry, potentiometric, or impedimetric) could provide a susceptible system utilizing disposable lab on chips. Furthermore, the electrochemical devices may be easily miniaturized using a hand-held potentiostat, eliminating the need for complicated diagnostic tools. Advances in technology have also been coupled with growing attempts to improve the capacity for decentralized diagnostic identification that can be used near the patient care level. Infectious illness outbreaks can be contained more easily with timely identification and treatment optimization. Currently, technical advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of medical things(IoMT) are being used to assist such POCT. Therefore, IoMT provides wireless-based operation & interconnection of POCT devices to health experts & medical care centers. POCT systems with IoMT can bridge the gap between bioinformatics generation, quick analysis & clinical validation. An optimal IoMT-POCT will aid in determining the development of the disease, making treatment recommendations, and assessing prescribed therapy's efficiency. This review illustrates some conventional strategies for diagnosing Ebola & advocates for a fast, accurate, and responsive point of care identification of EBOV for massive health care.

Overview of SARS-CoV-2 distribution in human tissues and prolonged shedding in body fluids

Although the ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)caused by SARS-CoV-2 has lasted for over one year, its pathogenesis mechanisms have not been comprehensively elucidated. This review summarized the distribution of viral receptors in human tissues, clinical manifestation of COVID-19 in diverse organs, the broad organotropism of SARS-CoV-2 in multiple organs based on autopsy reports, and evidence concerning virus distribution in human tissues and viral shedding in body fluids. These etiological results will shed new light on the current view of pathogenesis mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, facilitate in rational choosing of diagnostic specimens and interpretating diagnostic results, promote patient management and treatment, and contribute to combating the pandemic COVID-19 in the near future.

COVID 19 and Urban Development

Pandemic “COVID 19” is affecting almost all the countries across the globe. This spread through body fluids, hence people are advised to follow social distancing. As a result, most of the people are staying at homes and not visiting their places of work, markets, restaurants, public places, etc., resulting in slowing down of economy. Many people have migrated from urban to rural areas for employment. The current level of infrastructure, i.e. Transport, roads, parking, markets, cinema halls, restaurants/hotels, industries/factories, institutions, etc., is not required and only hospitals, police, communication, and essential services are required. Demand for Water/electricity/food and related paraphernalia has been reduced or finished. This trend is expected to continue for few more years, as more such virus attacks are expected in near future as well as due to low economic activities. This is resulting in a change in urban built environment as more urban spaces are becoming free. With this trend, future cities are going to be different than the present ones with less built-up spaces and less demand for urban infrastructure. An analysis of future urban built environment has been done in this paper. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in the Urine of COVID-19 Patients.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection has, as of April 2021, affected >133 million people worldwide, causing >2.5 million deaths. Because the large majority of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic, major concerns have been raised about possible long-term consequences of the infection. Methods: Wedeveloped an antigen capture assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in urine samples from patients with COVID-19whose diagnosis was confirmed by positive PCR results from nasopharyngeal swabs (NP-PCR+) forSARS-CoV-2. We used a collection of 233 urine samples from 132 participants from Yale New Haven Hospital and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia that were obtained during the pandemic (106 NP-PCR+ and 26 NP-PCR-), and a collection of 20 urine samples from 20 individuals collected before the pandemic. Results: Our analysis identified 23 out of 91 (25%) NP-PCR+ adult participants with SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein in urine (Ur-S+). Interestingly, although all NP-PCR+ children were Ur-S-, one child who was NP-PCR- was found to be positive for spike protein in their urine. Of the 23 adults who were Ur-S+, only one individual showed detectable viral RNA in urine. Our analysis further showed that 24% and 21% of adults who were NP-PCR+ had high levels of albumin and cystatin C, respectively, in their urine. Among individuals with albuminuria (>0.3 mg/mg of creatinine), statistical correlation could be found between albumin and spike protein in urine. Conclusions: Together, our data showed that one of four individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop renal abnormalities, such as albuminuria. Awareness about the long-term effect of these findings is warranted.